package ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.CharArrayReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.DigestException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.DSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.DSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.ECParameterSpec;
import java.security.spec.ECPoint;
import java.security.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.ECPublicKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateCrtKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;

import ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto.cipher.AES;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto.cipher.BlockCipher;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto.cipher.CBCMode;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto.cipher.DES;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.crypto.cipher.DESede;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.signature.ECDSASHA2Verify;

/**
 * PEM Support.
 *
 * @author Christian Plattner, plattner@trilead.com
 * @version $Id: PEMDecoder.java,v 1.2 2008/04/01 12:38:09 cplattne Exp $
 */
public class PEMDecoder {
    public static final int PEM_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY = 1;
    public static final int PEM_DSA_PRIVATE_KEY = 2;
    public static final int PEM_EC_PRIVATE_KEY = 3;

    private static final int hexToInt(char c) {
        if ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f')) {
            return (c - 'a') + 10;
        }

        if ((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'F')) {
            return (c - 'A') + 10;
        }

        if ((c >= '0') && (c <= '9')) {
            return (c - '0');
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Need hex char");
    }

    private static byte[] hexToByteArray(String hex) {
        if (hex == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null argument");

        if ((hex.length() % 2) != 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uneven string length in hex encoding.");

        byte decoded[] = new byte[hex.length() / 2];

        for (int i = 0; i < decoded.length; i++) {
            int hi = hexToInt(hex.charAt(i * 2));
            int lo = hexToInt(hex.charAt((i * 2) + 1));
            decoded[i] = (byte)(hi * 16 + lo);
        }

        return decoded;
    }

    private static byte[] generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(byte[] password, byte[] salt, int keyLen)
    throws IOException {
        if (salt.length < 8)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Salt needs to be at least 8 bytes for key generation.");

        MessageDigest md5;

        try {
            md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("VM does not support MD5", e);
        }

        byte[] key = new byte[keyLen];
        byte[] tmp = new byte[md5.getDigestLength()];

        while (true) {
            md5.update(password, 0, password.length);
            md5.update(salt, 0, 8); // ARGH we only use the first 8 bytes of the
            // salt in this step.
            // This took me two hours until I got AES-xxx running.
            int copy = (keyLen < tmp.length) ? keyLen : tmp.length;

            try {
                md5.digest(tmp, 0, tmp.length);
            }
            catch (DigestException e) {
                IOException ex = new IOException("could not digest password");
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            }

            System.arraycopy(tmp, 0, key, key.length - keyLen, copy);
            keyLen -= copy;

            if (keyLen == 0)
                return key;

            md5.update(tmp, 0, tmp.length);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] removePadding(byte[] buff, int blockSize) throws IOException {
        /* Removes RFC 1423/PKCS #7 padding */
        int rfc_1423_padding = buff[buff.length - 1] & 0xff;

        if ((rfc_1423_padding < 1) || (rfc_1423_padding > blockSize))
            throw new IOException("Decrypted PEM has wrong padding, did you specify the correct password?");

        for (int i = 2; i <= rfc_1423_padding; i++) {
            if (buff[buff.length - i] != rfc_1423_padding)
                throw new IOException("Decrypted PEM has wrong padding, did you specify the correct password?");
        }

        byte[] tmp = new byte[buff.length - rfc_1423_padding];
        System.arraycopy(buff, 0, tmp, 0, buff.length - rfc_1423_padding);
        return tmp;
    }

    public static final PEMStructure parsePEM(char[] pem) throws IOException {
        PEMStructure ps = new PEMStructure();
        String line = null;
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new CharArrayReader(pem));
        String endLine = null;

        while (true) {
            line = br.readLine();

            if (line == null)
                throw new IOException("Invalid PEM structure, '-----BEGIN...' missing");

            line = line.trim();

            if (line.startsWith("-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
                endLine = "-----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
                ps.pemType = PEM_DSA_PRIVATE_KEY;
                break;
            }

            if (line.startsWith("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
                endLine = "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
                ps.pemType = PEM_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY;
                break;
            }

            if (line.startsWith("-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
                endLine = "-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----";
                ps.pemType = PEM_EC_PRIVATE_KEY;
                break;
            }
        }

        while (true) {
            line = br.readLine();

            if (line == null)
                throw new IOException("Invalid PEM structure, " + endLine + " missing");

            line = line.trim();
            int sem_idx = line.indexOf(':');

            if (sem_idx == -1)
                break;

            String name = line.substring(0, sem_idx + 1);
            String value = line.substring(sem_idx + 1);
            String values[] = value.split(",");

            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++)
                values[i] = values[i].trim();

            // Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
            // DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,579B6BE3E5C60483

            if ("Proc-Type:".equals(name)) {
                ps.procType = values;
                continue;
            }

            if ("DEK-Info:".equals(name)) {
                ps.dekInfo = values;
                continue;
            }

            /* Ignore line */
        }

        StringBuffer keyData = new StringBuffer();

        while (true) {
            if (line == null)
                throw new IOException("Invalid PEM structure, " + endLine + " missing");

            line = line.trim();

            if (line.startsWith(endLine))
                break;

            keyData.append(line);
            line = br.readLine();
        }

        char[] pem_chars = new char[keyData.length()];
        keyData.getChars(0, pem_chars.length, pem_chars, 0);
        ps.data = Base64.decode(pem_chars);

        if (ps.data.length == 0)
            throw new IOException("Invalid PEM structure, no data available");

        return ps;
    }

    private static final void decryptPEM(PEMStructure ps, byte[] pw) throws IOException {
        if (ps.dekInfo == null)
            throw new IOException("Broken PEM, no mode and salt given, but encryption enabled");

        if (ps.dekInfo.length != 2)
            throw new IOException("Broken PEM, DEK-Info is incomplete!");

        String algo = ps.dekInfo[0];
        byte[] salt = hexToByteArray(ps.dekInfo[1]);
        BlockCipher bc = null;

        if (algo.equals("DES-EDE3-CBC")) {
            DESede des3 = new DESede();
            des3.init(false, generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(pw, salt, 24));
            bc = new CBCMode(des3, salt, false);
        }
        else if (algo.equals("DES-CBC")) {
            DES des = new DES();
            des.init(false, generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(pw, salt, 8));
            bc = new CBCMode(des, salt, false);
        }
        else if (algo.equals("AES-128-CBC")) {
            AES aes = new AES();
            aes.init(false, generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(pw, salt, 16));
            bc = new CBCMode(aes, salt, false);
        }
        else if (algo.equals("AES-192-CBC")) {
            AES aes = new AES();
            aes.init(false, generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(pw, salt, 24));
            bc = new CBCMode(aes, salt, false);
        }
        else if (algo.equals("AES-256-CBC")) {
            AES aes = new AES();
            aes.init(false, generateKeyFromPasswordSaltWithMD5(pw, salt, 32));
            bc = new CBCMode(aes, salt, false);
        }
        else {
            throw new IOException("Cannot decrypt PEM structure, unknown cipher " + algo);
        }

        if ((ps.data.length % bc.getBlockSize()) != 0)
            throw new IOException("Invalid PEM structure, size of encrypted block is not a multiple of "
                                  + bc.getBlockSize());

        /* Now decrypt the content */
        byte[] dz = new byte[ps.data.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < ps.data.length / bc.getBlockSize(); i++) {
            bc.transformBlock(ps.data, i * bc.getBlockSize(), dz, i * bc.getBlockSize());
        }

        /* Now check and remove RFC 1423/PKCS #7 padding */
        dz = removePadding(dz, bc.getBlockSize());
        ps.data = dz;
        ps.dekInfo = null;
        ps.procType = null;
    }

    public static final boolean isPEMEncrypted(PEMStructure ps) throws IOException {
        if (ps.procType == null)
            return false;

        if (ps.procType.length != 2)
            throw new IOException("Unknown Proc-Type field.");

        if ("4".equals(ps.procType[0]) == false)
            throw new IOException("Unknown Proc-Type field (" + ps.procType[0] + ")");

        if ("ENCRYPTED".equals(ps.procType[1]))
            return true;

        return false;
    }

    public static KeyPair decode(char[] pem, String password) throws IOException {
        PEMStructure ps = parsePEM(pem);
        return decode(ps, password);
    }

    public static KeyPair decode(PEMStructure ps, String password) throws IOException {
        if (isPEMEncrypted(ps)) {
            if (password == null)
                throw new IOException("PEM is encrypted, but no password was specified");

            decryptPEM(ps, password.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
        }

        if (ps.pemType == PEM_DSA_PRIVATE_KEY) {
            SimpleDERReader dr = new SimpleDERReader(ps.data);
            byte[] seq = dr.readSequenceAsByteArray();

            if (dr.available() != 0)
                throw new IOException("Padding in DSA PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            dr.resetInput(seq);
            BigInteger version = dr.readInt();

            if (version.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) != 0)
                throw new IOException("Wrong version (" + version + ") in DSA PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            BigInteger p = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger q = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger g = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger y = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger x = dr.readInt();

            if (dr.available() != 0)
                throw new IOException("Padding in DSA PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            DSAPrivateKeySpec privSpec = new DSAPrivateKeySpec(x, p, q, g);
            DSAPublicKeySpec pubSpec = new DSAPublicKeySpec(y, p, q, g);
            return generateKeyPair("DSA", privSpec, pubSpec);
        }

        if (ps.pemType == PEM_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY) {
            SimpleDERReader dr = new SimpleDERReader(ps.data);
            byte[] seq = dr.readSequenceAsByteArray();

            if (dr.available() != 0)
                throw new IOException("Padding in RSA PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            dr.resetInput(seq);
            BigInteger version = dr.readInt();

            if ((version.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) != 0) && (version.compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) != 0))
                throw new IOException("Wrong version (" + version + ") in RSA PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            BigInteger n = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger e = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger d = dr.readInt();
            // TODO: is this right?
            BigInteger primeP = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger primeQ = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger expP = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger expQ = dr.readInt();
            BigInteger coeff = dr.readInt();
            RSAPrivateKeySpec privSpec = new RSAPrivateCrtKeySpec(n, e, d, primeP, primeQ, expP, expQ, coeff);
            RSAPublicKeySpec pubSpec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(n, e);
            return generateKeyPair("RSA", privSpec, pubSpec);
        }

        if (ps.pemType == PEM_EC_PRIVATE_KEY) {
            SimpleDERReader dr = new SimpleDERReader(ps.data);
            byte[] seq = dr.readSequenceAsByteArray();

            if (dr.available() != 0)
                throw new IOException("Padding in EC PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            dr.resetInput(seq);
            BigInteger version = dr.readInt();

            if ((version.compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) != 0))
                throw new IOException("Wrong version (" + version + ") in EC PRIVATE KEY DER stream.");

            byte[] privateBytes = dr.readOctetString();
            String curveOid = null;
            byte[] publicBytes = null;

            while (dr.available() > 0) {
                int type = dr.readConstructedType();
                SimpleDERReader cr = dr.readConstructed();

                switch (type) {
                    case 0:
                        curveOid = cr.readOid();
                        break;

                    case 1:
                        publicBytes = cr.readOctetString();
                        break;
                }
            }

            ECParameterSpec params = ECDSASHA2Verify.getCurveForOID(curveOid);

            if (params == null)
                throw new IOException("invalid OID");

            BigInteger s = new BigInteger(privateBytes);
            byte[] publicBytesSlice = new byte[publicBytes.length - 1];
            System.arraycopy(publicBytes, 1, publicBytesSlice, 0, publicBytesSlice.length);
            ECPoint w = ECDSASHA2Verify.decodeECPoint(publicBytesSlice, params.getCurve());
            ECPrivateKeySpec privSpec = new ECPrivateKeySpec(s, params);
            ECPublicKeySpec pubSpec = new ECPublicKeySpec(w, params);
            return generateKeyPair("EC", privSpec, pubSpec);
        }

        throw new IOException("PEM problem: it is of unknown type");
    }

    /**
     * Generate a {@code KeyPair} given an {@code algorithm} and {@code KeySpec}.
     */
    private static KeyPair generateKeyPair(String algorithm, KeySpec privSpec, KeySpec pubSpec)
    throws IOException {
        try {
            final KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
            final PublicKey pubKey = kf.generatePublic(pubSpec);
            final PrivateKey privKey = kf.generatePrivate(privSpec);
            return new KeyPair(pubKey, privKey);
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            IOException ioex = new IOException();
            ioex.initCause(ex);
            throw ioex;
        }
        catch (InvalidKeySpecException ex) {
            IOException ioex = new IOException("invalid keyspec");
            ioex.initCause(ex);
            throw ioex;
        }
    }
}