annotate xml/dnsbl.in @ 66:14f0b04e2e15 stable-4-4

need to cleanup zombie children
author carl
date Tue, 18 Jan 2005 08:39:07 -0800
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1 <html>
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3 <head>
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4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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5 <title>DNSBL Sendmail milter - Version 4.4</title>
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6 </head>
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7
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8 <center>Introduction</center>
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9 <p>This milter is released under the GPL license version 2 included in
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10 the LICENSE file in the distribution, and also available at
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11 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html</a>
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12
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13 <p>Consider the case of a mail server that is acting as secondary MX for
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14 a collection of clients, each of which has a collection of mail domains.
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15 Each client may use their own collection of DNSBLs on their primary mail
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16 server. We present here a mechanism whereby the backup mail server can
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17 use the correct set of DNSBLs for each recipient for each message. As a
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18 side-effect, it gives us the ability to customize the set of DNSBLs on a
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19 per-recipient basis, so that fred@example.com could use SPEWS and the
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20 SBL, where all other users @example.com use only the SBL.
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21
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22 <p>This milter will also decode (base64, mime, html entity, url
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23 encodings) and scan for HTTP and HTTPS URLs and bare hostnames in the
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24 body of the mail. If any of those host names have A or NS records on
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25 the SBL (or a single configurable DNSBL), the mail will be rejected
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26 unless previously whitelisted. This milter also counts the number of
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27 invalid HTML tags, and can reject mail if that count exceeds your
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28 specified limit.
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29
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30 <p>The DNSBL milter reads a text configuration file (dnsbl.conf) on
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31 startup, and whenever the config file (or any of the referenced include
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32 files) is changed. The entire configuration file is case insensitive.
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34 <hr> <center>DCC Issues</center>
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35 <p>If you are also using the <a
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36 href="http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/">DCC</a> milter, there are
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37 a few considerations. You may need to whitelist senders from the DCC
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38 bulk detector, or from the DNS based lists. Those are two very
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39 different reasons for whitelisting. The former is done thru the DCC
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40 whiteclnt config file, the later is done thru the DNSBL milter config
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41 file.
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42
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43 <p>You may want to blacklist some specific senders or sending domains.
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44 This could be done thru either the DCC (on a global basis, or for a
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45 specific single recipient). We prefer to do such blacklisting via the
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46 DNSBL milter config, since it can be done for a collection of recipient
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47 mail domains. The DCC approach has the feature that you can capture the
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48 entire message in the DCC log files. The DNSBL milter approach has the
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49 feature that the mail is rejected earlier (at RCPT TO time), and the
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50 sending machine just gets a generic "550 5.7.1 no such user" message.
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51
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52 <p>There is an option to reference the DCC whiteclnt file (via an
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53 include_dcc line) in the DNSBL milter config. This will import the
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54 (env_to, env_from, and substitute mail_host) entries from the DCC config
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55 into the DNSBL config. This allows using the DCC config as the single
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56 point for white/blacklisting. When used in this manner, the whitelist
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57 env_to entries from the DCC config become global whitelist entries in
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58 the DNSBL config.
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59
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60 <p>Consider the case where you have multiple clients, each with their
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61 own mail servers, and each running their own DCC milters. Each client
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62 is using the DCC facilities for envelope from/to white/blacklisting.
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63 Presumably you can use rsync or scp to fetch copies of your clients DCC
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64 whiteclnt files on a regular basis. Your mail server, acting as a
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65 backup MX for your clients, can use the DNSBL milter, and include those
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66 client DCC config files. The envelope to white/blacklisting will be
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67 global for your system, but the envelope from white/blacklisting will be
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68 appropriately tagged and used only for the domains controlled by each of
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69 those clients.
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70
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71 <hr> <center>Definitions</center>
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72 <p>DNSBL - a named DNS based blocking list is defined by a dns suffix
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73 (e.g. sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org) and a message string that is used to
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74 generate the "550 5.7.1" smtp error return code. The names of these
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75 DNSBLs will be used to define the DNSBL-LISTs.
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76
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77 <p>DNSBL-LIST - a named list of DNSBLs that will be used for specific
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78 recipients or recipient domains.
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79
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80 <p>ENVELOPE-FROM-MAP - a named collection of mappings (key->value pairs)
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81 from envelope-from values to the WHITE, BLACK, or DEFAULT keywords. The
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82 names of these maps will be used for specific recipients or recipient
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83 domains.
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84
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85 <p>The configuration file maps each recipient (or recipient domain) to
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86 two names (a named DNSBL-LIST, and a named ENVELOPE-FROM-MAP). If the
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87 recipient is not found in the configuration, the named DEFAULT
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88 dnsbl-list and DEFAULT envelope-from-map will be used. When mail is
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89 received for that recipient,
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90
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91 <ol>
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92
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93 <li>If the client has authenticated with sendmail, the mail is accepted
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94 and the dns lists are not checked.
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95
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96 <li>If either one is BLACK, mail to this recipient is rejected with "no
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97 such user", and the dns lists are not checked.
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98
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99 <li>If the envelope-from-map name is WHITE, mail to this recipient is
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100 accepted and the dns lists are not checked.
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101
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102 <li>If the envelope-from-map exists, the map is checked for the presence
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103 of the sender. A WHITE or BLACK answer is definitive and the dns lists
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104 are not checked.
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105
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106 <li>If the dnsbl-list name is WHITE, the dns lists are not checked and
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107 the mail is accepted. Otherwise, the dns lists are checked and the mail
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108 is rejected if any list has an A record for the standard dns based
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109 lookup scheme (reversed octets of the client followed by the dns
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110 suffix).
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111
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112 <li>If the mail has not been accepted or rejected yet, the body content
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113 is optionally scanned for HTTP URLs (after base64, mime and html entity
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114 decoding), and the first &lt;configurable&gt; host names are checked for
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115 their presence on the SBL. If any host name is on the SBL, and it is
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116 not on the "ignore" list, the mail is rejected. If we are doing body
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117 content scanning, we also scan for excessive bad html tags, and if a
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118 &lt;configurable&gt; limit is exceeded, the mail is rejected.
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119
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120 </ol>
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121
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122 <hr> <center>Sendmail access vs. DNSBL</center>
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123 <p>With the standard sendmail.mc dnsbl FEATURE, the dnsbl checks may be
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124 suppressed by entries in the /etc/mail/access database. For example,
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125 suppose you control a /18 of address space, and have allocated some /24s
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126 to some clients. You have access entries like
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127
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128 <pre>
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129 192.168.4 OK
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130 192.168.17 OK
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131 </pre>
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132
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133 <p>to allow those clients to smarthost thru your mail server. Now if
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134 one of those clients happens get infected with a virus that turns a
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135 machine into an open proxy, and their 192.168.4.45 lands on the SBL-XBL,
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136 you will still wind up allowing that infected machine to smarthost thru
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137 your mail servers.
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138
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139 <p>With this DNSBL milter, the sendmail access database cannot override
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140 the dnsbl checks, so that machine won't be able to send mail to or thru
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141 your smarthost mail server (unless the virus/proxy can use smtp-auth).
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142
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143 <p>Using the standard sendmail features, you would add access entries to
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144 allow hosts on your local network to relay thru your mail server. Those
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145 OK entries in the sendmail access database will override all the dnsbl
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146 checks. With this DNSBL milter, you will need to have the local users
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147 authenticate with smtp-auth to get the same effect. You might find <a
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148 href="http://www.ists.dartmouth.edu/IRIA/knowledge_base/linuxinfo/sendmail-ssh-how-to.htm">
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149 these directions</a> helpful for setting up smtp-auth if you are on RH
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150 Linux.
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151
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152 <hr> <center>Installation and configuration</center>
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153 <p>Usage: Note that this has ONLY been tested on Linux, specifically
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154 RedHat Linux. In particular, this milter makes no attempt to understand
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155 IPv6. Your mileage will vary. You will need at a minimum a C++
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156 compiler with a minimally thread safe STL implementation. The
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157 distribution includes a test.cpp program. If it fails this milter won't
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158 work. If it passes, this milter might work.
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159
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160 Fetch <a href="http://www.five-ten-sg.com/util/dnsbl.tar.gz">dnsbl.tar.gz</a>
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161 and
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162
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163 <pre>
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164 tar xfvz dnsbl.tar.gz
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165 bash install.bash
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166 </pre>
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167
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168 Read and understand the contents of that install.bash script before you
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169 run it. It may not be suitable for your system. Modify your
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170 sendmail.mc by removing all the "FEATURE(dnsbl" lines, add the following
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171 line in your sendmail.mc and rebuild the .cf file
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172
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173 <pre>
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174 INPUT_MAIL_FILTER(`dnsbl', `S=local:/var/run/dnsbl/dnsbl.sock, F=T, T=C:30s;S:5m;R:5m;E:5m')
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175 </pre>
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176
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177 Read the sample <a
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178 href="http://www.five-ten-sg.com/dnsbl.conf">/etc/dnsbl/dnsbl.conf</a>
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179 file and modify it to fit your configuration. You can test your
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180 configuration files, and see a readable internal dump of them on stdout
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181 with
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182
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183 <pre>
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184 cd /etc/dnsbl
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185 /usr/sbin/dnsbl -c
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186 </pre>
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187
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188 <hr> <center>Performance issues</center>
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189
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190 <p>Consider a high volume high performance machine running sendmail.
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191 Each sendmail process can do its own dns resolution. Typically, such
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192 dns resolver libraries are not thread safe, and so must be protected by
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193 some sort of mutex in a threaded environment. When we add a milter to
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194 sendmail, we now have a collection of sendmail processes, and a
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195 collection of milter threads.
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196
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197 <p>We will be doing a lot of dns lookups per mail message, and at least
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198 some of those will take many tens of seconds. If all this dns work is
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199 serialized inside the milter, we have an upper limit of about 25K mail
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200 messages per day. That is clearly not sufficient for many sites.
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201
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202 <p>Since we want to do parallel dns resolution across those milter
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203 threads, we add another collection of dns resolver processes. Each
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204 sendmail process is talking to a milter thread over a socket, and each
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205 milter thread is talking to a dns resolver process over another socket.
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206
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207 <p>Suppose we are processing 20 messages per second, and each message
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208 requires 20 seconds of dns work. Then we will have 400 sendmail
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209 processes, 400 milter threads, and 400 dns resolver processes. Of
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210 course that steady state is very unlikely to happen.
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211
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212 <pre>
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213 $Id$
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214 </pre>
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215 </body>
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216 </html>